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Beijing reports a case of deadly anthrax pneumonia
Published on: 2021-08-10
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On Monday, Beijing reported an anthrax pneumonia patient from Chengde, Hebei Province, who had previous contact with cattle and sheep, as well as goods derived from such animals.
 

The patient was taken to Beijing by ambulance four days after exhibiting symptoms, and the person was then isolated and treated, according to the Beijing CDC.
 

Cattle and sheep are both susceptible to anthrax.
 

Infection occurs when humans come into contact with ill animals or contaminated items.
 

According to the Beijing CDC, skin contact is the most frequent method of infection, accounting for 95% of reported cases and leading to blisters and skin necrosis.
 

Anthrax pneumonia is the most severe infection, which occurs when a patient inhales dust containing bacillus anthracis and becomes sick.
 

People who ingest infected food, generally meat, can get intestinal anthrax, which causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
 

Anthrax can be passed from person to person, but it is not as contagious as the flu or COVID-19.
 

北京又报告一种传染病!外出一定注意!

据北京市疾病预防控制中心消息,8月9日北京市报告1例外地来京就诊肺炭疽病例。病例来自河北省承德市围场满族蒙古族自治县。在当地有牛、羊及其制品接触史。发病4天后由救护车转运来京就诊。病例已在医院隔离治疗,所有管控措施均已落实。
 

炭疽是什么?
炭疽是由细菌(炭疽杆菌)引起的一种传染病,主要流行于食草动物牛、羊、鹿等。
 

在食草动物中流行,人如何被感染的?
人一般是通过接触感染炭疽的动物及其制品而感染炭疽,如果皮肤接触到这些污染物,炭疽杆菌会通过皮肤上的微小伤口进入人体内,引起皮肤炭疽;如果食用了污染的肉类,可以引起肠炭疽;如果呼吸吸入了含有炭疽杆菌的飞沫或粉尘,可以引起肺炭疽。
 

人感染后都有哪些症状?
通常人感染后以皮肤炭疽最常见,可占到95%以上,多发生在手、脚、面部、颈肩部等裸露的皮肤上面。感染后,病人一般会有发热和寒颤,皮肤上先出现红斑或丘疹(类似蚊虫叮咬的包块),之后出现水泡,继而中央坏死形成溃疡性黑色焦痂。
 

炭疽严重吗,怎么治疗?
如果不治疗,炭疽很危险,可以致命。但炭疽杆菌属于细菌,多种抗生素都可以治疗,一般首选青霉素类药物,如果怀疑自己可能感染炭疽,应及时到医院就诊。越早治疗,效果越好。
 

炭疽如何预防呢?
炭疽主要影响职业人群,包括牛羊养殖、屠宰和贩卖人员,兽医,或者从事牛羊产品加工等行业的人员,这些人员不但要加强个人防护,更要按照农业部门要求,加强牲畜管理,并接受检疫,严禁宰杀、食用病、死畜,做好家畜的疫苗接种。
 

牛羊肉是否还可以购买和食用?
市售牛羊肉均经过严格检疫,正规途径购买的牛羊肉可以放心食用。在进行肉类加工时,应注意生熟分开,肉类应熟透以后再食用。这些措施不仅可以预防炭疽,也可以预防其他传染病。
 

外出旅游怎么预防炭疽?
我国及世界多地均存在炭疽动物疫情,人感染炭疽也多发生在职业人群中。外出旅游时只要尽量避免接触不明动物或者相关制品、特别是病、死动物或家畜;食用时选择正规场所,选择充分煮熟的食物,保持良好的个人卫生习惯。就可以避免或减少感染炭疽了。
 

炭疽会人传人吗?
炭疽在人和人之间不能像流感或者新冠肺炎那样传播。接触病人被感染的概率极低,一般皮肤炭疽病灶处可排菌,偶尔可以人传人。尽管如此,照顾炭疽病例时还应尽量减少接触,必要时可做好个人防护。

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